The source keeps the subject from drifting.
These are the sources behind the pages. Each note explains what the source helps answer. A hormone study and a heart trial have different jobs. A review gathers earlier work; it isn’t another group tested.
Follow a finding to the source that tested it.
A few ways into the reading
The comparison puts the main findings together. Labels and FDA pages explain approved uses, warnings and regulatory status.
Ipamorelin and the human-outcome gap
Ipamorelin and growth-hormone release in human volunteers
Gobburu and colleagues, 1999. Measured growth-hormone release in volunteers, not gains in strength.
Ipamorelin after bowel surgery
Beck and colleagues, 2014. Ipamorelin did not clearly improve the main measure: time to tolerating a meal after bowel surgery.
Ipamorelin in ferrets receiving cisplatin
Lu and colleagues, 2024. Ferrets exposed to cisplatin lost less weight with ipamorelin. This was animal research, not a human fat-loss trial.
FDA concerns about bulk substances used in compounding
FDA page current as of April 22, 2026. Ipamorelin acetate appears in Category 2, meaning significant safety risks, under 503B rules for larger-batch compounders, and in the withdrawn-nominations table. Withdrawal is not FDA clearance.
FDA review of ipamorelin safety and evidence
FDA review for its October 2024 advisory meeting. Serious adverse events, including deaths, occurred in the intravenous bowel-surgery trial. FDA says ipamorelin’s part in the deaths is unclear; safety concerns remain.
Semaglutide and separate outcomes
Semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity
Wilding and colleagues, 2021. Weight loss in adults with obesity, or overweight plus a weight-related health problem, without diabetes. Both groups had lifestyle support.
Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes
Lincoff and colleagues, 2023. Cardiovascular outcomes in adults aged 45 or older with existing heart or blood-vessel disease, overweight or obesity, and no diabetes.
Safety of semaglutide
Smits and Van Raalte, 2021. A review covering digestive problems, gallbladder concerns and other safety questions.
Wegovy semaglutide prescribing information
DailyMed label effective June 18, 2026. Includes the thyroid warning based on rodent findings and the groups ruled out for treatment.
Tesamorelin and fat location
Tesamorelin and visceral and liver fat
Stanley and colleagues, 2014. A small trial in adults with HIV measured visceral and liver fat. Liver-fat reduction is not an approved use.
Tesamorelin during continued treatment and withdrawal
Falutz and colleagues, 2008. Visceral fat returned after treatment stopped; an effect during treatment was not a permanent change.
EGRIFTA WR tesamorelin prescribing information
FDA label, 2025. EGRIFTA WR’s approved use, limits and safety warnings. It is not for general weight-loss management.
NAD+ and the precursor distinction
NMN and muscle insulin sensitivity
Yoshino and colleagues, 2021. Muscle responded better to insulin in women after menopause with prediabetes; body composition did not change.
Nicotinamide riboside in healthy overweight adults
Conze and colleagues, 2019. Oral NR raised blood NAD+ over eight weeks. The safety findings cover that short period.
Human evidence for NAD+ precursors
Vinten and colleagues, 2025. Reviews human precursor trials, limited evidence of health benefits and gaps in tissue measurements.
NAD+ metabolism and cellular processes during ageing
Covarrubias and colleagues, 2021. Explains NAD+ inside cells; it does not establish a treatment benefit.